Jm Coetzees Waiting For The Barbarians English Literature Essay

Jm Coetzees Waiting For The Barbarians English Literature Essay This semester, we have looked at several works that have incorporated the theme of identity. One in particular, Waiting For The Barbarians by J.M. Coetzee , makes prevalent use of objectification language in establishing identity. Whether for the purpose of making torture easier for the torturer, or for simply creating a class for the purposes of social â€Å"planning† (i.e. conquest), objectification language is used by the characters in the story to make certain that we, as the reader, have an equally difficult time avoiding the objectification that the characters themselves are guilty of. Objectification involves establishing the identity of the â€Å"other† as well as the self in contrast to the other in whatever forms it may take. In this paper, I will briefly examine and respond to three critical analyses of Coetzee, each addressing the concept of objectification to some degree, then I will examine a typical critical response to the concept of objectification of t he self that argues that any serious intellectual analysis of the self must involve a degree of detachment. Is this same level of detachment necessary when analyzing the concept of the identity of the other? After all, Waiting For The Barbarians is only a book, right? By writing his poignant portrayal of the evils of humanity that sees itself as less than human, what is Coetzee trying to say? Can we escape the need to objectify? To begin, let us first look at Coetzees novel itself. It has the convenient quality of taking place in a completely fictional world that only resembles South Africa. At first glance, this would appear to be for the purpose of allowing the author creative exercise, as well as getting us to suspend disbelief. However, is this really necessary? Why cant his story take place in our specific history? Fictionalization gives us the ability to make poignant messages because the elements are all controllable. Youre dealing with a completely fictionalized world, so certain images can take on as much symbolic meaning as you wish, thus allowing for greater dramatic effect. Coetzees not just trying to tug at our heartstrings; such sentimentality would be insulting to an intelligent audience (if you have to resort to emotional appeals, what can really be said for the actual truth-value of your claim?). Instead Coetzee, by fictionalizing his work, is demonstrating how we cant escape this objectific ation. His character of the Magistrate, while the protagonist of the story, objectifies constantly in the novel. His dealings with the barbarian girl, intimate to the point of being sexual, are really no more personal than that between a lab technician and a guinea pig. The Magistrate (i.e. Coetzee) never even bothers to learn, or even invent, the girls name. His desire to help the barbarian girl, while good intentioned, is patronizing in the extreme. It is the same type of romantic notion as that of the â€Å"Noble Savage:† well-intentioned, but ultimately a figment of ignorance.   Besides, for every â€Å"Noble Savage,† there is a â€Å"Savage Noble.† The character of Colonel Joll, while guilty of objectification, is not guilty of the same variety as that of the Magistrate. He knows full well that the barbarians are no threat to the Empire, but he knows that their existence is necessary in order to preserve the social order. When no problems are left â€Å"outside,† they can only come from inside. His understanding of the barbarians only goes so far as necessary to assign them a motive, something that he can tell his superiors. This motive, of course, is completely fabricated, which begs the question, was his torture of the old man in the beginning even necessary? Does it simply serve to portray Joll as a sadistic murderer? I will now examine a critical response to Coetzees use of torture. Susan Van Zanten Gallagher discusses Coetzees moral dilemma in writing about torture and how he goes about trying to solve it. In responding to Coetzees two problems in writing about torture, namely that there is a fine line between portrayal of torture and the glorification of it, and thus exploiting the pain of the afflicted, and that of how to portray the torturer, Gallagher writes: â€Å"†¦in his allusions to un-centered language and the death of the metaphysics of presence, Coetzee also points to the moral vacuum that allows torture to exist in the contemporary world.†This moral vacuum involves objectification, detaching oneself from the moral (often emotional) issues.   Of the Magistrate, Gallagher writes: â€Å"with his combination of sexual and authorial images, his antonymic articulations, and his failure to discover meaning in words, the Magistrate seems to be wandering in the wilderness of deconstructive criticism†and that his â€Å"sexual and linguistic failures demonstrate his lack of authority.† Coetzee writes of him having looked into himself and seeing â€Å"only a vortex and the heart of the vortex oblivion.†Gallagher suggests that this is allegorical of how the author who chooses to write about torture â€Å"must struggle to articulate torture without falsifying it, to understand and to depict oppression without unconsciously aiding the oppressor, to find texts transparent enough to carry meaning.†One aids the oppressor by inventing the language that allows the oppressor to rationalize his actions. This objectification language is obvious in the rhetorical tool employed by Coetzee in creating an allegory that takes place in another time, albeit, a very self-aware one. As Gallagher puts it, â€Å"the effect of this time displacement is to reveal truths about any oppressive society, any society that employs torture as a technique.†In the name of intellectual â€Å"truth-revealing,† Coetzee has created a contrived world that only resembles the world in the ways that he needs it to in order to prove his point. By removing the concept of torture from a real social context, he can assign his own motivations to the torturers. By doing this, is he trying to ignore the real reasons people torture each other, or is he aware of this, and only uses this to demonstrate that we can only find truth if we fabricate it? Gallagher concludes her article by saying that â€Å"Coetzee identifies the absence of moral authority that results in torture with the absence at the heart of contemporary literature since the advent of deconstructive criticism.† This absence is of the ability â€Å"to write and proclaim the truth about this kind of oppression†¦completely and effectively.†By fabricating his own context for the torture that he portrays, Coetzee is able to accomplish this, albeit a little unscrupulously. Its almost like creating a laboratory model where your theory holds true because you can ignore all compromising circumstances. By isolating his narrative in his own fabricated context, hes guilty of objectifying. He is asserting that all instances of torture are motivated by the same primary factors (hatred, etc.). However, I dont believe that this wasnt intentional. Coetzee is simply demonstrating that the only way to establish â€Å"truth† about a subject is to detach your self from it. We can thus establish what makes the torturers all the same, as well as identify what distinguishes the torturers from us, the reader. This kind of objectification language, the â€Å"perfect-world† scenario where youre always right, can lead to some interesting realizations, as long as one understands that its only fiction, and that the moral â€Å"truths† it espouses may not be applicable to the real world. It is also not the only kind of objectification that Coetzee employs in Waiting†¦. He also uses the concept of â€Å"literary† foreignness to highlight the short-comings of allegory. Rebecca Saunders, in her article â€Å"The Agony and the Allegory: The Concept of the Foreign, the language of Apartheid, and the Fiction of J.M. Coetzee, writes that â€Å"if allegory is structured by a fundamental foreignness between its literal and proper meanings, it is also characterized by that zone of error through which we have described foreignness.†She then relays the fact that Heraclitus and Philo both originally used the term allegory â€Å"to designate thought tinctured by uncertainty.†She also writes â€Å"Coetzees text not only dramatizes the zone of error that characterizes both â€Å"literal† and literary foreignness, but insists that a consequential relationship exists between them.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Literary† foreignness, while inevitable when writing about events that havent happened to us, is the same problem that Gallagher wrote of: the problem of writing about something that we have chosen to distance ourselves while still maintaining a degree of authority. It is ironic that objectification is inevitable to establish â€Å"truth† when it may not actually be there while at the same time creating a sense of detachment that can cause the â€Å"truth† to be elusive in the first place. After all, allegory really only has truth in regards to itself (tautologous), and may not actually apply to the real situation it is purporting to describe. Saunders makes comparisons between the reportial language that Colonel Joll uses in his dealings with torture and the very idea of allegory: â€Å"It is a language in which every trace of foreignness has been deported: direct, literal certain. And that certainty is fortified by a careful management of context.† This management of context is what allows Coetzee to pass judgment with certainty. The third critical source I will examine is Barbara Ecksteins â€Å"The Body, The Word, and the State: J.M. Coetzees Waiting for the Barbarians.† She writes that the novel â€Å"is about language and the body in pain†¦[and] if its ending is desolate, it is so with a particular and moral-centered skepticism.†Even though the Magistrate comes to realize the error of his ways, his narrative still labels the native people â€Å"barbarians,† and thus he demonstrates his inability to â€Å"undo his habits of being. Neither as character nor as narrator does the magistrate point to the keen irony so evident in the etymology of the word â€Å"barbarian,†Ã¢â‚¬ namely, that which is not of the Empire. This is an example of how some degree of objectification is necessary: in order to maintain distinction between himself and the girl, the magistrate uses a term which does nothing but keep her at arms length. He cant even be concerned with her name, because doing so would cause her to cease to be different in any real sense of the word. As Eckstein puts it, â€Å"Imperialism is an assertion of objectivity†¦that converts anxiety about ones arbitrary location in time and space into an assertion that if nowhere is my home, everywhere is my home†¦. If I am there, you are other.†Objectification, here in the form of political definitions of â€Å"race† â€Å"serves imperialism and torture.†By employing objectification in defining the other, it claims to possess the same kind of certainty when defining the self. This certainty is that of distinction. â€Å"In demonstrating the differences within civilization and barbarity, animal and angel, the novel asserts one kernel of certain truth,† Eckstein writes. She then evokes the Magistrate: â€Å"Pain is truth; all else is subject to doubt†She then lays out the full â€Å"lesson;† â€Å"Torture produces the truth, for it produces pain, and pain is certain presence.† What has been said about the necessity of objectification? Patricia Sanborn writes, â€Å"The use of language to refer to the self necessitates some objectification.†She then writes, â€Å"In a study of which the self is the object, it is evident that the self is a certain kind of object. It does not lose its uniqueness because of the fact that other phenomena can also be objects.†Since, in writing about the self and our relation to the â€Å"other,† we inevitably treat these things as objects of inquiry, the first step in understanding anything, we have to accept that there is a degree of error that may be involved. Since we cant experience what others experience subjectively, our only other option is to objectify them. Coetzees novel is itself an objectification about the subject of objectification. It uses objectifying language because it is forced to by the subject matter. In order to discuss the suffering of the other, we first must distinguish the other fro m ourselves. Only then can we hope to understand our relationship with the other, and thus with ourselves (because everyone is someone elses â€Å"other†). It would seem thus, that the concept of identity and that of objectification are inexorably linked. In order to establish the identity of the self, you must first distinguish that of the other in reference to yourself. J.M. Coetzee, in writing his novel, demonstrates that, for all our moral dilemmas of objectification, we cant help but do it and say anything definitive about the world. Another persons pain is another persons pain, and we cant really experience it first-hand. We know for certain, subjectively, how we feel when we are in pain, but we cant know that of others, nor can we describe our subjective experience to them in any vivid sense of the word. Can we escape the need to objectify? No. Does this make us evil? No, just not omniscient. We only have simple human methods of understanding at our disposal, and we have to make due. Our human methods of understanding involve primarily language. Truths realized with a certain degree of dramatic (i.e. emotional) impact tend to have more poignancy. By choosing to use objectification language, Coetzee is trying specifically to cause an emotional response in the reader. We are supposed to be appalled, but in the end, we remain detached from the suffering because we know that its only fiction, even though it relates to the very real plight of those suffering under Apartheid. We are thus left wondering just how exactly we are supposed to feel about suffering that we dont â€Å"know.† In conclusion, J.M. Coetzees novel is notable for taking on the issue of inevitable objectification when dealing with the suffering of the â€Å"other.† His use of objectification language is poignant because it is necessary. We, as readers, are just as guilty of objectifying the barbarians, and thus detaching ourselves from their suffering as the Imperials in the book. Just as they arent â€Å"real† in the senses that are they are fictional, the barbarians arent real in the book because theyve been given that identity by the Imperials. They exist then in limbo, out of reach, but not too far removed from us.

Solar Energy Essay -- Solar Energy Resources Essays

Solar Energy What do the bubonic plague in the 14th century, the influenza epidemic of the early 20th century and the spread of HIV/AIDS in the late 20th and early 21st centuries have in common? One answer, according to Joel B. Stronberg author of the American Solar Energy Society’s â€Å"Common Sense,† is that they have all been called pandemics. According to Merriam-Webster.com, a pandemic occurs over a wide geographic distribution and affects â€Å"an exceptionally high proportion of the population.† Joel B. Stronberg declares that we are currently facing another pandemic. This pandemic is the combination of the consequences of burning fossil fuels. The two major problems from burning fossil fuels are global warming and decreasing oil supplies. However, Joel notes that there is a difference between this pending pandemic and the pandemics previously mentioned. This pandemic can be prevented. Solar energy is a nondepletable resource that can help us avoid furthering global w arming and decrease our continued dependence on oil. Solar energy is, in the most rudimentary terms, energy from the sun. It can be converted into electricity and heat. Surprisingly, less than 0.1% of our heating, transportation and power energy come from direct sunlight. This is surprising because, according to www.johnbarrie.com, in one single second the sun gives off thirteen million times more energy than the amount of electricity used by the world in an entire year! As we learned during the in-class presentation, hydroelectric power produces about 100 kilowatts of energy. In contrast, about four thousand MEGAwatts of energy fall on the mere area of 0.3861 sq. mil/1 sq. km. The amount of energy that falls on this meager area is enough energy to heat and light ... ...rce to help better our world as a whole and improve our individual quality of life. Works Cited "Energy Kids Page." Solar Energy-Energy from the Sun. Oct 2004. Energy Information Administration. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/solar.html>. "Glossary." John Barrie Associates Architects. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.johnbarrie.com/glossary.htm>. "Solar Energy Facts." Solar Energy Facts Answers. JC Solar Homes. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.jc-solarhomes.com/solar_energy_facts.htm>. "The Forum for Solar Energy." Solar Collectors: Different Types and Fields of Application. 09 2004. The Solar Server. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solarserver.de/wissen/sonnenkollektoren-e.html>. Stronberg, Joel B. "A common Sense Solution." Solar Today. 18 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solartoday.org/2005/march_april05/Common_Sense.htm>. Solar Energy Essay -- Solar Energy Resources Essays Solar Energy What do the bubonic plague in the 14th century, the influenza epidemic of the early 20th century and the spread of HIV/AIDS in the late 20th and early 21st centuries have in common? One answer, according to Joel B. Stronberg author of the American Solar Energy Society’s â€Å"Common Sense,† is that they have all been called pandemics. According to Merriam-Webster.com, a pandemic occurs over a wide geographic distribution and affects â€Å"an exceptionally high proportion of the population.† Joel B. Stronberg declares that we are currently facing another pandemic. This pandemic is the combination of the consequences of burning fossil fuels. The two major problems from burning fossil fuels are global warming and decreasing oil supplies. However, Joel notes that there is a difference between this pending pandemic and the pandemics previously mentioned. This pandemic can be prevented. Solar energy is a nondepletable resource that can help us avoid furthering global w arming and decrease our continued dependence on oil. Solar energy is, in the most rudimentary terms, energy from the sun. It can be converted into electricity and heat. Surprisingly, less than 0.1% of our heating, transportation and power energy come from direct sunlight. This is surprising because, according to www.johnbarrie.com, in one single second the sun gives off thirteen million times more energy than the amount of electricity used by the world in an entire year! As we learned during the in-class presentation, hydroelectric power produces about 100 kilowatts of energy. In contrast, about four thousand MEGAwatts of energy fall on the mere area of 0.3861 sq. mil/1 sq. km. The amount of energy that falls on this meager area is enough energy to heat and light ... ...rce to help better our world as a whole and improve our individual quality of life. Works Cited "Energy Kids Page." Solar Energy-Energy from the Sun. Oct 2004. Energy Information Administration. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/solar.html>. "Glossary." John Barrie Associates Architects. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.johnbarrie.com/glossary.htm>. "Solar Energy Facts." Solar Energy Facts Answers. JC Solar Homes. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.jc-solarhomes.com/solar_energy_facts.htm>. "The Forum for Solar Energy." Solar Collectors: Different Types and Fields of Application. 09 2004. The Solar Server. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solarserver.de/wissen/sonnenkollektoren-e.html>. Stronberg, Joel B. "A common Sense Solution." Solar Today. 18 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solartoday.org/2005/march_april05/Common_Sense.htm>.

Chanel Analysis Swot, 6 P’s

GAC002 Assessment Event 4: Academic Reseacher Essay| The Fast Food Industry| | | Student’s Name: Alexandra Student ID: QING21632 Teacher: Lynken Ghose Due Date: August 27th 2012 Word Count: 1162 Word Count: 979 Student’s Name: Alexandra Student ID: QING21632 Teacher: Lynken Ghose Due Date: August 27th 2012 Word Count: 1162 Word Count: 979 Question: Define the idea of â€Å"fast food†. How has fast food affected the food industry in China? Has it become a more prevalent or less prevalent force? Would you say its impact has been positive or negative? Please do not offer just a simplistic answer such as – â€Å"positive† or â€Å"negative†.Offer specific reasons including ethical implications, economic implications, and health effect etc. of fast food. With the pace of life speeding up, people increasingly depend on fast food. Many people prefer to eat fast food rather than cook by themselves, because fast food is more convenient and time â€⠀œ saving. In my opinion, people should not depend on fast food too much because fast food’s impact has been negative, as fast food has endangered people’s health, family life, traditional culture, and has even caused ecological change to the environment.Firstly, the safety of fast food ingredients is really worrisome. During the last several years, more and more safety problems of fast food have been exposed by the media. For example, many restaurants add too many preservatives to fast food in order to maintain the freshness of food, or they added varying additives to enrich the taste and look of food. It is really bad for people’s health and many kinds of preservatives and additives are subject to blastomogens, such as tonyred, leavening agent, benzoyl peroxide, and so on.In addition, in order to reduce cost, more and more restaurants choose to use inferior seasonings. For example, industrial salt instead of edible salt is used as seasoning. It is known to us all that the main ingredient of industrial salt is nitrite which is a kind of poisonous and harmful substance and its lethal dose is only 3g (E Hyytia, S Eerola, S Hielm & H Korkeala 1997). Furthermore, some fast food which is subject to acid-forming diet and will lead to the souring of body fluid if people depend on them overly (Cheng, Tsung O. 2004).Then, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and some other elements in our bodies will be neutralized, so more and more children are suffering rickets and other kinds of diseases which are caused by a lack of calcium. Secondly, fast food reduces communication time among family members, so that intimacy is affected. Dinner time is supposed to be a good chance for family members to chat and communicate with each other. After a tiring day of school and the company, children and parents are eager to exchange something interesting or exciting. Not only the time in table, even preparation time and dish washing time should be spent together.Thatâ₠¬â„¢s how family love and happiness is developed. However, with the development of fast food, dinner time has changed into pizza time, coke time and hamburger time. You only need to make a call. They would deliver what you order in fifteen minutes without anytime to enjoy taste of home – made food, the faithful fast food lovers finish the dinner as soon as possible and then take out the remote control, watching football games or soap operas. No wonder parents often complain about strange feelings with children. Thirdly, fast food, especially western fast food, has a negative impact on local traditional culture (Goodman, Peter S. 004). There is no doubt that diet is one part of traditional culture. Take China for example. China is an agricultural country, so Chinese people have always regarded diet as a very important part of life. Chinese people not only care about nutrition, but also love good taste and appearance. As for cooking methods, we can boil, steam, stir, stew and s moke. More importantly, we love quality time when we are sitting with family or friends, chatting and laughing. However, when KFC opened its first restaurant in Beijing on November 12th 1987, traditional culture began to decline.Later, McDonald’s, Pizza Hut, Burger King, Subway entered to China one by one, and they changed the younger generations thinking about food. At the very beginning, Chinese people entered KFC because of curiosity. Later the young generation was attracted by fast food culture. They even regard it as a fashion. The traditional dietary culture can’t have a good development without the support of younger generation. Fourthly, fast food industry is harmful to the environment. The main ingredient of western fast food is meat, including pork, beef and chicken.To produce one pound of meat one needs five pounds of grains. The quantity of water used in animal farming is eight times that of in plant farming. That is to say producing meat uses more resource s. When the globe is having more and more population, resources, such as water, soil and grain, are valuable. We should eat less meat and refuse fast food to protect environment. However, it doesn’t mean that fast food has no advantages. Eating fast food is helpful for us to work efficiently, so, so many people still choose eating fast food as often as they can.In addition, many people, especially young people, regard eating in western fast food restaurant as a kind of symbol of taste. Since young people don’t have much money, they can’t afford fancy restaurants. When they eat out, they have to choose between small Chinese restaurants and western fast food restaurants. When they enter these small restaurants, they often see greasy floor and tables, smell smoking air and hear noisy talking. But things are quite different in western fast food restaurants. You will be served with clean floor, warm smile and peaceful environment.That’s why young people would choose to meet friends, review their lesson and surf the Internet there. Because of these factors, western fast food restaurants have become a symbol of style and class. However, their idea goes against the purpose of fast food. Fast food is supposed to save time, but when they are surfing the Internet or chatting with friends, they are wasting too much time. Reference Cheng, Tsung O. 2004. Fast food, automobiles, television, and obesity epidemic in Chinese children. International Journal of Cardiology. 98 (1): 173-174. Goodman, Peter S. 2004.Fast Food Takes a Bite Out of Chinese Culture. Washington Post, December 26. Patricia M Anderson & Xiaohong He (1999), Culture and the Fast – Food Marketing Mix in the People’s Republic of China and the USA: Implication for Research and Marketing: Vol 11. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 1: 77 – 95. Available at: http://www. tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10. 1300/J046v11n01_06 E Hyytia, S Eerola, S Hielm & H Korkeala (1997), Sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate in control of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum outgrowth and toxigenesis in vacuum-packed cold-smoked rainbow trout. Online]. Available at: http://journals. indexcopernicus. com/abstracted. php? icid=756375 S Rice, E J McAllister and N V Dhurandhar (2007), International Journal of obesity Fast food: friendly? [Online]. Available at: http://www. nature. com/ijo/journal/v31/n6/abs/0803580a. html Rasooly, Avraham and Herold, Keith E (2006), Biosensors for the Analysis of Food- and Waterborne Pathogens and Their Toxins[Online]. Available at: http://www. ingentaconnect. com/content/aoac/jaoac/2006/00000089/00000003/art00034#aff_2

Cultism in Nigeria - 2299 Words

Recent activities of secret fraternities in Edo and Anambra States of Nigeria have once again brought to focus the impact of the activities of the nefarious groups on the polity. Not too long ago, two prominent movie stars were brutally assassinated in Edo State in what was alleged as a frat-related offensive, which culminated in the death of about twenty individuals. Most recently inhabitants of Anambra state were terrorised by frat men, who held the state capital hostage in a brutal frat war between members of two rival groups, which has claimed the lives of many. Like volcanic mountains littered round the country, frat wars intermittently erupt around the country with devastating consequences. Secret fraternities, sororities, and†¦show more content†¦The fraternity, which started in the then University College Ibadan, nicknamed Jolly Roger 1, was set out to fight among other perceived ills: moribund convention, neo-colonialism, and tribalism and at the same time, defend humanistic ideals, while promoting comradeship and chivalry amongst its members (Oguntuase, 1999). It blossomed in the sixties, and began to spread its tentacles and Decks to other higher institutions in the country. However, it was not long before rancour and acrimony crept into the confraternity, and began to threaten the unity of this family. In what he alleged as violations of the confraternity’s creed, and what others claimed as his expulsion from the Pyrates, Dr. Bolaji Carew – a.k.a Ahoy Rica Ricardo, decided to correct the observed ills, by pulling out of the Pyrates Confraternity, with some like minds - Kunle Adigun, and Tunde Jawando, to form the Buccaneer Confraternity, in late 1972 (Alora website, 2005). In 1976, the Buccaneers Modaship gave birth to numerous Decks, established in various parts of the country. 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Conduct disorder is a repetitive and persistent pattern of behaviour in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated (American Psychological Association, 2000). In Nigeria, students with conduct disorders engage in deviant behaviours such as aggression, peer cruelty, fighting, bullying or threatening others, pilfering, rioting, stealing, truancy, substance abuse, raping, smoking, lateness, falsification of results,Read MoreYouth Unemployment in Nigeria4294 Words   |  18 PagesYOUTH UNEMPLOY MENT IN NIGERIA SOLVING THE PROBLEMS FROM THE ROOT SOLVING THE PROBLEMS FROM THE ROOT TABLE OF CONTENTS âÅ"“ ABSTRACT âÅ"“ INTRODUCTION âÅ"“ THE EFFECTS OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA âÅ"“ CAUSES OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT âÅ"“ LIFE INVESTORS FOUNDATION: INTRODUCTION âÅ"“ THE WORK PLAN †¢ ENTERPRISES †¢ WORK STUDY †¢ RESEARCH ACADEMY âÅ"“ OTHER STRATEGIES †¢ ANTICORRUPTION TEAM †¢ COLLATERAL BOARD †¢ RESOURCE AND INFORMATION CENTRERead MoreSublimation Mechanism of Psychoanalytical Counselling Theory as a Tool for Addressing Juvenile Delinquency in Secondary Schools in Nigeria4142 Words   |  17 PagesSUBLIMATION MECHANISM OF PSYCHOANALYTICAL COUNSELLING THEORY AS A TOOL FOR ADDRESSING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA A PAPER PRESENTED BY PROF. FATI SHUAIBU AND NTAMU BLESSING AGBO ON THE FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY KEFFI HELD IN 1000 AUDITORIUM SEAT 12TH - 14TH JUNE, 2012. ABSTRACT The present methods being utilized by teachers, counselors and administrators in dealing with cases of indiscipline and juvenile delinquencyRead MoreExamination Malpractice3213 Words   |  13 Pageshas been described as a â€Å"demon with a thousand faces† (AIigbo, 1996, p.1). It is a scourge that has defied all measures adopted to eradicate it from our educational system. It has continued to rear its ugly head in most examinations conducted in Nigeria from the primary schools to the universities. It manifests in so many ways either before, during or after the actual conduct of examinations. It is a term that denotes all forms of cheating in examinations. Examination malpractice is any activity